Offshore wind turbines get all the photo ops. They’re the tall white towers on every brochure, and they’re probably what you picture when someone says “wind farm.” But a turbine standing in the North Sea with nothing plugged into it is pretty much the world’s most expensive weather vane.<\/p>\n
So someone has to do the wiring. At Hornsea 3, the wind farm \u00d8rsted is building off England’s east coast, that job is now underway, and it’s a big one.<\/p>\n
Seaway7, the offshore wind arm of the Subsea7 group, has started laying the farm’s inter-array cables, Offshore Wind reported on November 12<\/a>. The job covers about 311 miles of cable, enough to hook 197 turbines up to a pair of converter stations out at sea. The ship doing the laying is the Seaway Phoenix.<\/p>\n So what kind of ship gets handed a job like that?<\/p>\n The Phoenix is 426 feet long and 91 feet wide, according to Seaway7’s vessel page<\/a>. That’s not giant by cargo ship standards, but pretty much everything on board is there to handle cable. The heart of it is a pair of turntables, which are huge flat spools built into the ship. Each one holds about 2,200 tons, so the Phoenix can carry roughly 4,400 tons of cable at a time. That’s a lot of copper and insulation to have sitting in one hull, and it’s why a ship like this doesn’t have to run back to port every few miles.<\/p>\n Then there’s the working gear. Seaway7 lists about 9,500 square feet of deck space, a crane rated for about 37 tons and a hinged steel A-frame rated for about 66 tons. You use the A-frame to swing heavy equipment over the side and lower it into the water.<\/p>\n The crane uses what the industry calls active heave compensation. In plain English, the hook stays more or less still while the ship rises and falls on the swell. Try threading a needle on a city bus and you’ll see why that’s handy when you’re lowering expensive hardware toward the seabed.<\/p>\n The Phoenix also carries two work-class ROVs, which are remote-controlled underwater vehicles with cameras and arms, plus a dedicated trenching ROV. That last one digs a trench in the seabed and buries the cable, so anchors and fishing gear are less likely to snag it later.<\/p>\n Funnily enough, the Phoenix didn’t start out as a wind farm ship. Seaway7 has said it was originally built to lay fiber-optic cable across oceans, and the company converted it for wind farm work. So it went from carrying internet traffic between continents to carrying electricity between turbines, which is arguably a step down in distance and a big step up in cable weight.<\/p>\n And no, I didn’t borrow the 426 feet from another story. That’s also the length of the steel legs on the Belgian jack-up ship we covered at Dogger Bank<\/a>. It’s a completely different ship at a different wind farm, and the matching number is a total coincidence.<\/p>\n Every turbine has to be wired into something. At Hornsea 3, that something is a pair of offshore converter stations, which are essentially giant electrical substations parked out at sea. The array cables carry power from the turbines to those stations, and \u00d8rsted says<\/a> they run at 66 kV, or 66,000 volts.<\/p>\n The converter stations then switch that power from alternating current to direct current before it heads to shore through separate export cables. DC loses less energy over long distances, which is why you tend to see it on big projects a long way from the coast. Offshore Wind says this is the first project in Europe where \u00d8rsted is using high-voltage direct current.<\/p>\n Hornsea 3 is also just enormous. It’s rated at 2.9 GW, according to Offshore Wind<\/a>, which is more than Hornsea 1 (1.2 GW) and Hornsea 2 (1.4 GW) combined. \u00d8rsted says that’ll be enough electricity for more than 3.3 million homes in the UK once it’s finished.<\/p>\nThe Seaway Phoenix is basically a floating cable spool<\/h2>\n
Why does a wind farm need 311 miles of cable?<\/h2>\n