When you picture a navy hunting submarines, you probably picture the expensive version. A destroyer pinging away with its bow sonar, a helicopter dipping another one out of the sky, and a room full of stressed people watching waterfall displays. All of that still exists. But NATO just spent a month off the coast of Portugal working part of the job with 154-pound robots that don’t even have a propeller.<\/p>\n
Teledyne Marine, the Massachusetts company that builds the Slocum glider, said in an announcement carried by Marine Technology News<\/a> on September 17 that it had 19 Slocum gliders operating at the same time during REPMUS26, NATO’s big annual exercise for uncrewed naval systems. Two larger Slocum Sentinel gliders went out with them, and one of those dragged a towed array, which is essentially a long line of hydrophones on a cable. Stringing your microphones out behind you gives you a much bigger ear than anything you could fit inside the hull.<\/p>\n So what’s a glider actually doing in a submarine hunt?<\/p>\n Mostly listening, and measuring. According to Teledyne, the fleet supported anti-submarine warfare, undersea surveillance, rapid environmental assessment and the protection of seabed infrastructure, meaning the pipelines and data cables navies suddenly care about a great deal. Rapid environmental assessment is the unglamorous job in that list. It means profiling things like temperature and salinity through the water column, because sound bends as it crosses layers of different water, and if you don’t know where the layers sit, your fancy sonar is basically guessing.<\/p>\n By being clever about buoyancy. A pump in the nose changes how much water the vehicle displaces, which makes it slightly heavier or slightly lighter than the sea around it. Point the nose down as it sinks and a pair of stubby wings turns the fall into a forward glide. Pump the other way at the bottom and it glides back up toward the surface. Repeat that sawtooth for weeks and it covers serious distance while barely touching the batteries, since the engine only really works at the turnaround points. Every so often the glider surfaces, calls home over satellite, hands off its data and picks up new orders, and you can fly a whole fleet of them from a web browser.<\/p>\n It’s also slow. On buoyancy alone a Slocum tops out around 0.8 mph, so you could outpace one on foot without breaking stride. If you’re wondering why anyone wants a robot that slow, the answer is endurance. Deployments run from a couple of weeks to as long as 18 months depending on batteries and sensors, and one of these machines, modified by Rutgers University, crossed the entire Atlantic in 2009. The trip took 221 days. Nobody was in a hurry.<\/p>\n Teledyne’s announcement just says “Slocum gliders” without naming the model. The standard one it sells today is the G3, which comes in at just under five feet and about 154 pounds and is rated to 3,281 feet (1,000 meters), so I’m working off that spec sheet here. Navies are buying the same hardware in bulk, and the Royal Navy signed for 12 to 15 more G3s plus a Sentinel of its own this spring, as FW-MAG<\/a> reported. We covered that Sentinel order<\/a> when it surfaced in July.<\/p>\n Because listening is a numbers game, and gliders are about the cheapest number a navy can buy. Teledyne has claimed its gliders deliver ocean data at roughly 1% of the cost of running a survey ship, and while I’d treat any vendor’s own math with a raised eyebrow, the general direction is hard to argue with. Spread 19 quiet listeners across a patch of ocean and they’ll hold that picket line for months at a time.<\/p>\n The two Sentinels bring the muscle. Per Teledyne’s own datasheet the Sentinel runs 8.4 feet and 377 pounds, which is what it takes to haul hydrophones on a cable through open water. A glider is already close to silent, since there’s no motor churning away inside, so hanging a listening array off one strikes me as a frankly rude thing to do to a submarine crew.<\/p>\n The rest of the lineup fills out the picture. A Gavia, one of Teledyne’s conventional propeller-driven underwater drones, ran navigation experiments using Benthos transponders parked in deep water. GPS doesn’t reach below the surface, so the transponders act like acoustic lighthouses the Gavia can fix its position against. And some launches came from OCEANUS17, an uncrewed surface boat from the British firm ZeroUSV, which means a drone boat was putting underwater drones into the sea while every human involved stood somewhere dry.<\/p>\n The exercise ran from August 31 through September 25 around the Tr\u00f3ia Peninsula south of Lisbon, led by the Portuguese Navy with NATO and the European Defence Agency alongside. According to the Portuguese Navy, this year’s edition drew more than 1,500 people from 36 navies, over 300 unmanned systems and 14 ships supporting them. Underwater gliders keep turning up in this beat, too. We’ve already covered a 130-pound drone glider with no wings<\/a> that practiced against dummy mines at the same depths.<\/p>\n Teledyne hasn’t published results. The announcement lists what went into the water, not what any of it heard or found, and I can’t find detection numbers from anyone else involved either. That’s standard for this kind of exercise, where half the value is classified and the rest gets briefed behind closed doors.<\/p>\n If you wanted a preview of the next decade of naval shopping, a Portuguese beach in September was apparently the place to get one. NATO’s Allied Command Transformation<\/a> says REPMUS26 wrapped up on September 25, and that the command-and-control system tested there, a project called Task Force X-Arctic, heads back to Arctic conditions later this year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" When you picture a navy hunting submarines, you probably picture the expensive version. A destroyer pinging away with its bow … <\/p>\nSo how does a glider with no propeller get anywhere?<\/h2>\n
So why send 19 at once?<\/h2>\n
REPMUS itself is a monster<\/h2>\n